:py:mod:`cobra.sampling.sampling`
=================================

.. py:module:: cobra.sampling.sampling

.. autoapi-nested-parse::

   Provide a wrapper function for performing flux sampling of cobra models.



Module Contents
---------------


Functions
~~~~~~~~~

.. autoapisummary::

   cobra.sampling.sampling.sample



.. py:function:: sample(model: cobra.Model, n: int, method: str = 'optgp', thinning: int = 100, processes: int = 1, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> pandas.DataFrame

   Sample valid flux distributions from a cobra model.

   Currently, two methods are supported:

   1. 'optgp' (default) which uses the OptGPSampler that supports parallel
       sampling. Requires large numbers of samples to be performant
       (`n` > 1000). For smaller samples, 'achr' might be better suited.
       For details, refer [1]_ .

   2. 'achr' which uses artificial centering hit-and-run. This is a single
      process method with good convergence. For details, refer [2]_ .

   :param model: The model from which to sample flux distributions.
   :type model: cobra.Model
   :param n: The number of samples to obtain. When using 'optgp', this must be a
             multiple of `processes`, otherwise a larger number of samples will
             be returned.
   :type n: int
   :param method: The sampling algorithm to use (default "optgp").
   :type method: {"optgp", "achr"}, optional
   :param thinning: The thinning factor of the generated sampling chain. A thinning of
                    10 means samples are returned every 10 steps. Defaults to 100 which
                    in benchmarks gives approximately uncorrelated samples. If set to 1
                    will return all iterates (default 100).
   :type thinning: int, optional
   :param processes: Only used for 'optgp'. The number of processes used to generate
                     samples (default 1).
   :type processes: int, optional
   :param seed: Sets the random number seed. Initialized to the current time stamp
                if None (default None).
   :type seed: int > 0, optional

   :returns: The generated flux samples. Each row corresponds to a sample of the
             fluxes and the columns are the reactions.
   :rtype: pandas.DataFrame

   .. rubric:: Notes

   The samplers have a correction method to ensure equality feasibility for
   long-running chains, however this will only work for homogeneous models,
   meaning models with no non-zero fixed variables or constraints (
   right-hand side of the equalities are zero).

   .. rubric:: References

   .. [1] Megchelenbrink W, Huynen M, Marchiori E (2014)
      optGpSampler: An Improved Tool for Uniformly Sampling the Solution-Space
      of Genome-Scale Metabolic Networks.
      PLoS ONE 9(2): e86587.
      https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086587

   .. [2] Direction Choice for Accelerated Convergence in Hit-and-Run Sampling
      David E. Kaufman, Robert L. Smith
      Operations Research 199846:1 , 84-95
      https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.46.1.84